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The Hierarchy of Immutable Code
What really separates firmware from software? This episode explores the layered architecture of bootloaders, from the physically unchangeable mask ROM in an ESP32 to the one-time programmable e-fuses OnePlus used to prevent bootloader unlocking. We trace the hierarchy of mutability across devices — from microcontrollers to modern UEFI systems — and examine how hardware-enforced privilege levels make some code permanently untouchable. Along the way, we discuss anti-rollback protection, firmware persistence mechanisms like Computrace, and why the reset button on a dev board is a hardware escape…
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