How Can _Empty_ Space Be Full of Energy
"Empty space is not empty. It is a seething ocean of quantum fluctuations—a realm of virtual particles that pop in and out of existence so quickly we can barely measure them."Quantum field theory says fields are never completely quiet. Even in a vacuum, fields fluctuate, constantly creating and annihilating particle-antiparticle pairs. This energy has been measured through the Casimir effect, where quantum fluctuations create a force between two uncharged metal plates. But when you add up this energy across all frequencies, the result is infinite—a value \(10^{121}\) times what we observe…
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