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Why Bread Costs Triple in Richer Countries
Why does a loaf of bread cost €0.80 in Lisbon but €2.50 in Tel Aviv—despite Israel having more than double Portugal's GDP per capita? This episode unpacks the paradox of staple pricing, exploring how retail concentration, cultural expectations, and the design of price controls determine whether basics stay affordable. We look at Portugal's bread cap, Israel's grocery oligopoly, India's leaky grain distribution system, and Brazil's cash transfer alternative. The answer isn't free markets versus intervention—it's about who controls the shelves and what political contract a society has with its…
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