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The Mamluks: From Slave Market to Sultan's Throne
In 1250, a group of manumitted slave-soldiers assassinated the Ayyubid sultan and founded one of the most unusual regimes in history. For the next 267 years, the Mamluks — men literally "owned" — ruled Egypt, the Levant, and the Hejaz, defeating both Crusaders and Mongols along the way. This episode traces the full arc: the steppe recruitment system that manufactured a self-replicating military caste, the strange paradox of manumission as the mechanism of loyalty, the battles that stopped the Mongol advance and ended the Crusader presence, and the Jerusalem monuments that still stand today…
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