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The Four Year Itch: Why the Permanent State Matters

When a new administration takes office, the temptation to erase the previous leader’s legacy is often overwhelming, a phenomenon known as the "four-year itch." However, beneath the surface of political theater lies the permanent civil service—the institutional memory that prevents the state from collapsing under the weight of constant policy reversals and the "volatility trap." This episode explores the friction between democratic mandates and administrative expertise, examining how these "ghostwriters of democracy" manage billion-dollar projects and provide the technical continuity necessary…

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